Psalm 22


1. My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? This was the startling cry of Golgotha: Eloi, Eloi, lama sabacthani. The Jews mocked, but the angels adored when Jesus cried this exceeding bitter cry. Nailed to the tree we behold our great Redeemer in extremities, and what see we? Let us gaze with holy wonder, and mark the flashes of light amid the awful darkness of that midday-midnight. First, our Lord’s faith deserves our reverent imitation; he keeps his hold upon his God and cries twice, My God, my God. The spirit of adoption was strong within the suffering Son of Man, and he felt no doubt about his interest in his God. Oh that we could imitate this cleaving to an afflicting God! Nor does the sufferer distrust the power of God to sustain him, for the title used—El—signifies strength, and is the name of the Mighty God. He knows the Lord to be the all-sufficient support and succor of his spirit, and therefore appeals to him in the agony of grief, but not in the misery of doubt. He would like to know why he is left; he raises that question and repeats it, but neither the power nor the faithfulness of God does he mistrust. What an enquiry is this before us! Why hast thou forsaken me? We must lay the emphasis on every word of this saddest of all utterances. Why? There was no cause in him; why then was he deserted? Hast. It is done, and the Saviour is feeling its dread effect; it is surely true, but how mysterious! It was no threatening of forsaking which made the great Surety cry aloud: he endured that forsaking in very deed. Thou. I can understand why traiterous Judas and timid Peter should be gone, but thou, my God, my faithful friend, how canst thou leave me? This is worst of all, worse than all put together. Hell itself has for its fiercest flame the separation of the soul from God. Forsaken. If thou hadst chastened I might bear it, for thy face would shine; but to forsake me utterly, ah! why is this? Me. Thine innocent, obedient, suffering Son, why leavest thou me to perish? A sight of self seen by penitence, and of Jesus on the cross seen by faith will best expound this question. Jesus is forsaken because our sins had separated between us and our God. Why art thou so far from helping me, and from the words of my roaring? The Man of Sorrows had prayed until his speech failed him, and he could only utter moanings and groanings as men do in severe sicknesses, like the roarings of a wounded animal. To what extremity of grief was our Master driven! What a strong crying and tears were those which made him too hoarse for speech! What must have been his anguish to find his own beloved and trusted Father standing afar off, and neither granting help nor apparently heating prayer! Yet there was a reason for all this which those who rest in Jesus as their Substitute well know.
2. For our prayer to appear to be unheard is no new trial. Jesus felt it before us. He still held fast on God, and cried still, “My God,” but his faith did not render him less importunate. Our Lord continued to pray even though no comfortable answer came, and in this he set us an example of obedience to the words, “men ought always to pray, and not to faint.” No daylight is too glaring and no midnight too dark to pray in; no delay or apparent denial, however grievous, should tempt us to forbear from importunate pleading.
3. However ill things may look there is no ill in thee, O God! We are very apt to think and speak hardly of God when we are under his afflicting hand, but not so the obedient Son. He knows too well his Father’s goodness to let outward circumstances libel his character. There is no unrighteousness with the God of Jacob. If prayer be unanswered it is not because God is unfaithful. If we cannot perceive any ground for the delay, we must leave the riddle unsolved, but we must not fly in God’s face to invent an answer. While the holiness of God is acknowledged and adored, the afflicted speaker in this verse seems to marvel at how the holy God could forsake him, and be silent to his cries. The argument is: Thou art holy; oh, why is it that thou dost disregard thy holy One in his hour of sharpest anguish? We may not question the holiness of God, but we may argue from it, and use it as a plea in our petitions.
4. This is the rule of life with all the chosen family. Three times over is it mentioned that they trusted; they never left off trusting, for it was their very life; and they fared well, too, for thou didst deliver them. Out of all their straits, difficulties, and miseries faith brought them by calling their God to the rescue; but in the case of our Lord it appeared as if faith would bring no assistance from heaven; he alone of all the trusting ones was to remain without deliverance. The experience of other saints may be a great consolation to us when in deep waters, if faith can be sure that their deliverance will be ours; but when we feel ourselves sinking, it is poor comfort to know that others are swimming. Our Lord here pleads the past dealings of God with his people as a reason why he should not be left alone; here again he is an example to us in the skillfull use of the weapon of all prayer. The use of the plural pronoun our shows how one with his people Jesus was even on the cross. We say, “Our Father which art in heaven,” and he calls those “our fathers” through whom we came into the world, although he was without father as to the flesh.
5. As if he had said, “How is it that I am now left without succor in my overwhelming griefs, while all others have been helped?” We may remind the Lord of his former lovingkindnesses to his people, and beseech him to be still the same. This is true wrestling; let us learn the art. Observe that ancient saints cried and trusted, and that in times of trouble we must do the same; and the invariable result was that they were not ashamed of their hope, for deliverance came in due time; this same happy portion will be ours. The prayer of faith can do the deed when nothing else can. Let us wonder when we see Jesus using the same pleas as ourselves, and immersed in grief far deeper than our own.
6. But I am a worm, and no man. How could the Lord of glory be brought to such abasement as to be not only lower than the angels, but even lower than men? What a contrast between “I AM” and I am a worm! Yet such a double nature was found in the person of our Lord Jesus when bleeding on the tree. He felt himself to be comparable to a helpless, powerless, downtrodden worm, passive while crushed, and unnoticed and despised by those who trod on him. He selects the weakest of creatures, which is all flesh; and becomes, when trodden upon, writhing, quivering flesh, utterly devoid of any might except strength to suffer. This was a true likeness of himself when his body and soul had become a mass of misery—the very essence of agony—in the dying pangs of crucifixion. Man by nature is but a worm; but our Lord puts himself even beneath man, on account of the scorn which was heaped upon him and the weakness which he felt, and therefore he adds and no man. The privileges and blessings which belonged to the fathers he could not obtain while deserted by God, and common acts of humanity were not allowed him, for he was rejected of men; he was outlawed from the society of earth, and shut out from the smile of heaven. How utterly did the Saviour empty himself of all glory, and become of no reputation for our sakes! A reproach of men. Their common butt and jest; a byword and a proverb unto them; the sport of the rabble, and the scorn of the rulers. Oh the caustic power of reproach, to those who endure it with patience, yet smart under it most painfully! And despised of the people. The very people who would once have crowned him then condemned him, and they who were benefited by his cures sneered at him in his woes. Sin is worthy of all reproach and contempt, and for this reason Jesus, the Sinbearer, was given up to be thus unworthily and shamefully entreated.
7. Read the evangelistic narrative of the ridicule endured by the Crucified One, and then consider how it grieved him. The iron entered into his soul. The scornful ridicule of our Lord was unanimous. Which shall we wonder at the most, the cruelty of man or the love of the bleeding Saviour? How can we ever complain of ridicule after this? Pouting, grinning, shaking of the head, thrusting out of the tongue, and other modes of derision were endured by our patient Lord; men made faces at him before whom angels veil their faces and adore. They punned upon his prayers; they made matter for laughter of his sufferings, and set him utterly at nought.
8. Here the taunt is cruelly aimed at the sufferer’s faith in God, which is the tenderest point in a good man’s soul, the very apple of his eye. They must have learned the art from Satan himself, for they made rare proficiency in it. There were five forms of taunt hurled at the Lord Jesus (Matthew 27:39–44); this mockery is probably mentioned in this psalm because it is the most bitter of the whole. When we are tormented in the same manner, let us remember him who endured such contradiction of sinners against himself. We must not lose sight of the truth which was unwittingly uttered by the Jewish scoffers. They themselves are witnesses that Jesus of Nazareth trusted in God: why then was he permitted to perish? Jehovah had previously delivered those who rolled their burdens upon him; why was this man deserted? Oh that they had understood the answer! Their principal jest, seeing he delighted in him, was true. The Lord did delight in his dear Son, and when he became obedient unto death, he still was well pleased in him. Jehovah delights in him, and yet slays him.
9. Thou art he that took me out of the womb. Kindly providence attends with the surgery of tenderness at every human birth; but the Son of Man, who was marvelously begotten of the Holy Spirit, was in an especial manner watched over by the Lord when brought forth by Mary. The destitute state of Joseph and Mary, far away from friends and home, led them to see the cherishing hand of God in the safe delivery of the mother. Her child, now fighting the great battle of his life, uses the mercy of his nativity as an argument with God. Faith finds weapons everywhere. The person who desires to believe will never lack reasons for believing. Thou didst make me hope when I was upon my mother’s breasts. Was our Lord one of those babes and sucklings out of whose mouths strength is ordained? So it would seem; and if so, what a plea for help! Early piety gives particular comfort in our later trials, for surely he who loved us when we were children is too faithful to cast us off in our riper years. Some give the text the sense of “gave me cause to trust, by keeping me safely,” and assuredly there was a special providence which preserved our Lord’s infant days from the fury of Herod, the dangers of traveling, and the ills of poverty.
10. I was cast upon thee from the womb. Into the Almighty arms he was first received, as into those of a loving parent. God begins his care over us from the earliest hour. Thou art my God from my mother’s belly. The psalm begins with “My God, my God,” and here not only is the claim repeated but its early date is urged. Our birth was our weakest and most perilous period of existence; if we were then secured by omnipotent tenderness, surely we have no cause to suspect that divine goodness will fail us now.
11. This is the petition for which he has been using such varied and powerful pleas. His great woe was that God had forsaken him; his great prayer is that he would be near him. A lively sense of the divine presence is a mighty stay to the heart in times of distress. For trouble is near; for there is none to help. There are two fors, as though faith gave a double knock at mercy’s gate; that is a powerful prayer which is full of holy reasons and thoughtful arguments. The nearness of trouble is a weighty motive for divine help; this moves our Heavenly Father’s heart, and brings down his helping hand. It is his glory to be our very present help in trouble. Our Substitute had trouble in his inmost heart, for he said, “the waters have come in, even unto my soul”; well might he cry, be not far from me. The absence of all other helpers is another telling plea. In our Lord’s case none either could or would help him; yet it was a sore aggravation to find that all his disciples had forsaken him, and lover and friend were put far from him. There is an awfulness about absolute friendlessness which is crushing to the human mind, for man was not made to be alone, and is like a dismembered limb when he has to endure heart-loneliness.
12. The mighty ones in the crowd are here marked by the tearful eye of their victim. The priests, elders, scribes, Pharisees, rulers, and captains bellowed round the cross like wild cattle, full of strength and fury. The Rejected One was all alone, and bound naked to the tree.
13. Like hungry cannibals they opened their blasphemous mouths as if they were about to swallow the man whom they abhorred. They could not vomit forth their anger fast enough, and therefore set the doors of their lips wide open like those who gape. Our Lord’s faith must have passed through a most severe conflict while he found himself abandoned to the tender mercies of the wicked, but he came off victorious by prayer, the very dangers to which he was exposed being used to add prevalence to his entreaties.
14. Turning from his enemies, our Lord describes his own personal condition in language which should bring the tears into every loving eye. I am poured out like water. He was utterly spent, like water poured upon the earth; his heart failed him, and had no more firmness in it than running water, and his whole being was made a sacrifice, like a libation poured out before the Lord. He had long been a fountain of tears; in Gethsemane his heart welled over in sweat, so that he was reduced to the most feeble and exhausted state. All my bones am out of joint. As if distended upon a rack. Is it not most probable that the fastening of the hands and feet, and the jar occasioned by fixing the cross in the earth, may have dislocated the bones of the Crucified One? If this is not intended, we must refer the expression to that extreme weakness which would occasion relaxation of the muscles and a general sense of parting asunder throughout the whole system. My heart is like wax; it is melted in the midst of my bowels. Excessive debility and intense pain made his inmost life to feel like wax melted in the heat. The Greek liturgy uses the expression “thine unknown sufferings,” and well it may. The fire of almighty wrath would have consumed our souls forever in hell; it was no light work to bear as a substitute the heat of an anger so justly terrible.
15. Most complete debility is here portrayed; Jesus likens himself to a broken piece of earthenware, or an earthen pot, baked in the fire till the last particle of moisture is driven out of the clay. No doubt a high degree of feverish burning afflicted the body of our Lord. All his strength was dried up in the tremendous flames of avenging justice, just as the paschal lamb was roasted in the fire. Thirst and fever fastened his tongue to his jaws, so that he could scarcely speak. So tormented in every single part as to feel dissolved into separate atoms, and each atom full of misery, the full price of our redemption was paid, and no part of the Surety’s body or soul escaped its share of agony. The Lord of Glory stoops to the dust of death.
16. We are to understand every item of this sad description as being urged by the Lord Jesus as a plea for divine help; and this will give us a high idea of his perseverance in prayer. For dogs have compassed me. Here he marks the more ignoble crowd, who were howling like hungry dogs. Hunters frequently surround their game with a circle, and gradually encompass them with an ever-narrowing ring of dogs and men. Such a picture is before us. In the center stands, not a panting stag, but a bleeding, fainting man, and around him are the enraged and unpitying wretches who have hounded him to his doom. Here we have the “hind of the morning” of whom the psalm so plaintively sings, hunted by bloodhounds, all thirsting to devour him. The assembly of the wicked have inclosed me. Thus the Jewish people, which called itself an assembly of the righteous, is justly for its sins marked upon the forehead as an assembly of the wicked. This is not the only occasion when professed churches of God have become synagogues of Satan, and have persecuted the Holy One and the Just. They pierced my hands and my feet. This can by no means refer to David, or to anyone but Jesus of Nazareth. Pause, and view the wounds of the Redeemer.
17. So emaciated was Jesus by his fastings and sufferings that he says, I may tell all my bones. He could count and re-count them. The zeal of his Father’s house had eaten him up. Oh that we cared less for the body’s enjoyment and ease and more for our Father’s business! It is better to count the bones of an emaciated body than to bring leanness into our souls. They look and stare upon me. Unholy eyes gazed insultingly upon the Saviour’s nakedness. The sight of the agonizing body ought to have insured sympathy from the throng, but it only increased their savage mirth, as they gloated over his miseries. Let us blush for human nature, and mourn in sympathy with our Redeemer’s shame. The first Adam made us all naked, and therefore the second Adam became naked that he might clothe our naked souls.
18. The garments of the executed were the perquisites of the executioners in most cases, but it was not often that they cast lots at the division of the spoil; this incident shows how clearly David in vision saw the day of Christ, and how surely the Man of Nazareth is he of whom the prophets spoke. It may be noted that the habit of gambling is of all others the most hardening, for men could practice it even at the cross-foot while besprinkled with the blood of the Crucified. No Christian will endure the rattle of the dice when he thinks of this.
19. But be not thou far from me, O God. Invincible faith returns to the charge, and uses the same means, namely, importunate prayer. He repeats the petition offered before. He wants nothing but his God, even in his lowest state. He does not ask for the most comfortable or nearest presence of God; he will be content if he is not far from him; humble requests speed at the throne. O my strength, haste thee to help me. Hard cases need timely aid; when necessity justifies it we may be urgent with God as to time, but we must not do this out of willfullness. In the last degree of weakness he calls the Lord my strength; after this fashion the believer can sing, “when I am weak, then am I strong.”
20. Deliver my soul from the sword. By the sword is probably meant entire destruction, which as a man he dreaded; or perhaps he sought deliverance from the enemies around him, who were like a sharp and deadly sword to him. The Lord had said, “Awake, O sword,” and now from the terror of that sword the Shepherd wanted to be delivered as soon as justice should see fit. My darling from the power of the dog. Meaning his soul, his life, which is most dear to every person. The original is, “my only one,” and therefore is our soul dear, because it is our only soul. Would that everyone made their souls their darlings, but many treat them as if they were not worth so much as the mire of the streets. The dog may mean Satan, or else the whole company of Christ’s foes, who though many in number were as unanimous as if there were but one. If Jesus cried for help against the dog of hell, much more may we. Beware of the dog, for his power is great, and only God can deliver us from him. When he fawns upon us, we must not put ourselves in his power; and when he howls at us, we may remember that God holds him with a chain.
21. Having experienced deliverance in the past from great enemies, who were strong as the unicorns, the Redeemer utters his last cry for rescue from death, which is fierce and mighty as the lion. This prayer was heard, and the gloom of the cross departed. Thus faith, though sorely beaten, and even cast beneath the feet of her enemy, ultimately wins the victory. It was so in our Head; it shall be so in all the members. We have overcome the unicorn, we shall conquer the lion, and from both lion and unicorn we shall take the crown.
22–31. The transition is very marked; from a horrible tempest all is changed into calm. The darkness of Calvary at length passed away from the face of nature, and from the soul of the Redeemer, and beholding the light of his triumph and its future results the Saviour smiled. It will be well still to regard the words as a part of our Lord’s soliloquy upon the cross, uttered in his mind during the last few moments before his death.
22. I will declare thy name unto my brethren. The delights of Jesus are always with his church, and hence his thoughts, after much distraction, return at the first moment of relief to their usual channel; he forms fresh designs for the benefit of his loved ones. He is not ashamed to call them brethren. He anticipates happiness in having communication with his people; he intends to be their teacher and minister, and fixes his mind upon the subject of his discourse. The name, i.e. the character and conduct of God, are by Jesus Christ’s Gospel proclaimed to all the holy brotherhood; they behold the fullness of the Godhead dwelling bodily in him, and rejoice greatly to see all the infinite perfections manifested in one who is bone of their bone and flesh of their flesh. What a precious subject is the name of our God! It is the only one worthy of the only Begotten, whose meat and drink it was to do the Father’s will. We may learn from this resolution of our Lord that one of the most excellent methods of showing our thankfulness for deliverances is to tell to our brethren what the Lord has done for us. We mention out sorrows readily enough; why are we so slow in declaring our deliverances? In the midst of the congregation will I praise thee. Not in a little household gathering merely does our Lord resolve to proclaim his Father’s love, but in the great assemblies of his saints, and in the general assembly and church of the firstborn. This he is always doing by his representatives, who are the heralds of salvation, and labor to praise God. In the great universal church Jesus is the one authoritative teacher, and all others are nothing but echoes of his voice. Jesus declares the divine name so that God may be praised. The church continually magnifies Jehovah for revealing himself in the person of Jesus, and Jesus himself leads the song, and is both leader and preacher in his church. Delightful are the seasons when Jesus communes with our hearts concerning divine truth; joyful praises are the sure result.
23. Imagine the Saviour as addressing the congregation of the saints. He exhorts the faithful to unite with him in thanksgiving. The description of “fearing the Lord” is very frequent and very instructive; it is the beginning of wisdom, and is an essential sign of grace. Humble awe of God is so necessary a preparation for praising him that none are fit to sing to his honor but such as reverence his Word; but this fear is consistent with the highest joy, and is not to be confounded with legal bondage, which is a fear which perfect love casteth out. Jew and Gentile saved by sovereign grace should be eager in magnifying the God of our salvation: all saints should unite in the song. The spiritual Israel all fear him, and we hope the day will come when the bodily Israel will be brought to the same mind. The more we praise God the more reverently shall we fear him, and the sweeter will be our songs.
24. For he hath not despised nor abhorred the affliction of the afflicted. Here is good matter and motive for praise. The experience of our covenant Head and Representative should encourage all of us to bless the God of grace. Never was man so afflicted as our Saviour in body and soul from friends and foes, by heaven and hell, in life and death; he was the foremost in the ranks of the afflicted, but all those afflictions were sent in love, and not because his Father despised and abhorred him. It is true that justice demanded that Christ should bear the burden which as a substitute he undertook to carry, but Jehovah always loved him, and in love laid that load upon him with a view to his ultimate glory and to the accomplishment of the dearest wish of his heart. Under all his woes our Lord was honorable in the Father’s sight. Neither hath he hid his face from him. The hiding was but temporary, and was soon removed; it was not final and eternal. But when he cried unto him, he heard. Jesus was heard in that he feared. He cried from the depths, and was speedily answered; he therefore bids his people to join him in singing a Gloria.
Every child of God should seek refreshment for his faith in this testimony of the Man of Sorrows. What Jesus here witnesses is as true today as when it was first written. It shall never be said that anyone’s affliction or poverty prevented his being an accepted suppliant at Jehovah’s throne of grace.
25. My praise shall be of thee in the great congregation. The one subject of our Master’s song is the Lord alone. The word in the original is “from thee”—true praise is of celestial origin. The rarest harmonies of music are nothing unless they are sincerely consecrated to God by hearts sanctified by the Spirit. The cleric says, “Let us sing to the praise and glory of God,” but the choir often sing to the praise and glory of themselves. Oh when shall our service of song be a pure offering? Observe how Jesus loves the public praises of the saints. It would be wicked on our part to despise the twos and threes; but, on the other hand, let not the little companies snarl at the greater assemblies as though they were necessarily less pure and less approved, for Jesus loves the praise of the great congregation. I will pay my vows before them that fear him. Jesus dedicates himself anew to the carrying out of the divine purpose in fulfillment of his vows made in anguish. Did our Lord when he ascended to the skies proclaim amid the redeemed in glory the goodness of Jehovah? And was that the vow meant here? Undoubtedly the publication of the Gospel is the constant fulfillment of covenant engagements. Messiah vowed to build up a spiritual temple for the Lord, and he will surely keep his word.
26. The meek shall eat and be satisfied. Mark how the dying Lover of our souls solaces himself with the result of his death. The spiritually poor find a feast in Jesus, to the satisfaction of their hearts. The thought of the joy of his people gave comfort to our expiring Lord. Note the characters who partake of the benefit of his passion; the meek, the humble, and lowly. Lord, make us so. Note also the certainty that Gospel provisions will not be wasted—they shall eat—and the sure result of such eating—and be satisfied. They shall praise the Lord that seek him. For a while they may keep a fast, but their thanksgiving days must and will come. Your heart shall live forever. Your spirits will not fail through trial. Thus Jesus speaks even from the cross to the troubled seeker. If his dying words are so assuring, what consolation may we not find in the truth that he ever liveth to make intercession for us! Those who eat at Jesus’ table receive the fulfillment of the promise, “Whosoever eateth of this bread shall live forever.”
27. One is struck with the Messiah’s missionary spirit. It is evidently his grand consolation that Jehovah will be known throughout all places of his dominion. Out from the inner circle of the present church the blessing is spread in growing power until the remotest parts of the earth will be ashamed of their idols, mindful of the true God, penitent for their offenses, and unanimously earnest for reconciliation with Jehovah. Then shall false worship cease. This is a stimulus to those who fight his battles.
It is well to mark the order of conversion: they shall remember—this is reflection, like the prodigal who came to himself; and turn unto Jehovah—this is repentance, like Manasseh who left his idols and worship—this is holy service, as Paul adored the Christ whom once he abhorred.
28. As an obedient Son the dying Redeemer rejoiced to know that his Father’s interests would prosper through his pains. He who by his own power reigns supreme in creation and providence has set up a new kingdom of grace, and by the conquering power of the cross that kingdom will grow until all people proclaim that he is the governor among the nations. Amid the tumults and disasters of the present the Lord reigns; but in the halcyon days of peace the rich fruit of his dominion will be apparent to every eye.
29. All they that be fat upon the earth. The rich and great are not shut out. Grace now finds most of its jewels among the poor, but in the latter days the mighty of the earth shall eat, shall taste of redeeming grace and dying love, and shall worship with all their hearts the God who deals so bountifully with us in Christ Jesus. Those who are spiritually fat with inward prosperity will be filled with the marrow of communion, and worship the Lord with especial fervor. In the covenant of grace Jesus has provided good cheer for our high estate, and taken equal care to console us in our humiliation: all they that go down to the dust shall bow before him. There is relief and comfort in bowing before God when our case is at its worst; even amid the dust of death prayer kindles the lamp of hope. None can keep alive his own soul. While all who come to God by Jesus Christ are thus blessed, whether rich or poor, none who despise him may hope for a blessing. This is the stern counterpart of the Gospel message of “look and live.” We must have life as Christ’s gift, or we shall die eternally. This should be proclaimed in every corner of the earth, that it may break in pieces all self-confidence.
30. Posterity will perpetuate the worship of the Most High. The kingdom of truth on earth will never fail. The Lord will reckon the ages by the succession of the saints. Generations of sinners come not into the genealogy of the skies. God’s family register is not for strangers, but for the children only.

31. They shall come. Sovereign grace will bring out from among men the blood-bought ones. Nothing will thwart the divine purpose. In this the dying Saviour finds a sacred satisfaction. And shall declare his righteousness unto a people that shall be born. None of the people brought to God by the irresistible attractions of the cross will be dumb; they will be able to tell out the righteousness of the Lord, so that future generations know the truth. Fathers will teach their sons, who will hand it down to their children; the burden of the story always being that he hath done this, or, that “It is finished.” Salvation’s glorious work is done, there is peace on earth, and glory in the highest.

Excerpt from:
The Treasury of David
By Charles H Spurgeon