Chapter 5
In this chapter the apostle, I. Blames them for their
indulgence in the case of the incestuous person, and orders him to be
excommunicated, and delivered to Satan (v. 1-6). II. He exhorts them to
Christian purity, by purging out the old leaven (v. 7, 8). And, III. Directs
them to shun even the common conversation of Christians who were guilty of any
notorious and flagitious wickedness (v. 9 to the end).
Verses 1-6
Here the apostle states the case; and,
I. Lets them know what was the common or general report
concerning them, that one of their community was guilty of fornication, v. 1.
It was told in all places, to their dishonour, and the reproach of Christians.
And it was the more reproachful because it could not be denied. Note, The
heinous sins of professed Christians are quickly noted and noised abroad. We
should walk circumspectly, for many eyes are upon us, and many mouths will be
opened against us if we fall into any scandalous practice. This was not a
common instance of fornication, but such as was not so much as named among
the Gentiles, that a man should have his father’s wife—either marry her
while his father was alive, or keep her as his concubine, either when he was
dead or while he was alive. In either of these cases, his criminal conversation
with her might be called fornication; but had his father been dead, and
he, after his decease, married to her, it had been incest still, but neither
fornication nor adultery in the strictest sense. But to marry her, or keep her
as a concubine, while his father was alive, though he had repudiated her, or
she had deserted him, whether she were his own mother or not, was incestuous
fornication: Scelus incredibile (as Cicero calls it), et prater unum
in omni vitâ inauditum (Orat. pro Cluent.), when a woman had caused her
daughter to be put away, and was married to her husband. Incredible
wickedness! says the orator; such I never heard of in all my life
besides. Not that there were no such instances of incestuous marriages
among the heathens; but, whenever they happened, they gave a shock to every man
of virtue and probity among them. They could not think of them without horror,
nor mention them without dislike and detestation. Yet such a horrible
wickedness was committed by one in the church of Corinth, and, as is probable,
a leader of one of the factions among them, a principal man. Note, The best
churches are, in this state of imperfection, liable to very great corruptions.
Is it any wonder when so horrible a practice was tolerated in an apostolical
church, a church planted by the great apostle of the Gentiles?
II. He greatly blames them for their own conduct hereupon: They
were puffed up (v. 2), they gloried, 1. Perhaps on account of this very
scandalous person. He might be a man of great eloquence, of deep science, and
for this reason very greatly esteemed, and followed, and cried up, by many
among them. They were proud that they had such a leader. Instead of mourning
for his fall, and their own reproach upon his account, and renouncing him and
removing him from the society, they continued to applaud him and pride
themselves in him. Note, Pride or self-esteem often lies at the bottom of our
immoderate esteem of others, and this makes us as blind to their faults as to
our own. It is true humility that will bring a man to a sight and
acknowledgement of his errors. The proud man either wholly overlooks or
artfully disguises his faults, or endeavours to transform his blemishes into
beauties. Those of the Corinthians that were admirers of the incestuous
person’s gifts could overlook or extenuate his horrid practices. Or else, 2. It
may intimate to us that some of the opposite party were puffed up. They were
proud of their own standing, and trampled upon him that fell. Note, It is a
very wicked thing to glory over the miscarriages and sins of others. We should
lay them to heart, and mourn for them, not be puffed up with them. Probably
this was one effect of the divisions among them. The opposite party made their
advantage of this scandalous lapse, and were glad of the opportunity. Note, It
is a sad consequence of divisions among Christians that it makes them apt to
rejoice in iniquity. The sins of others should be our sorrow. Nay, churches
should mourn for the scandalous behaviour of particular members, and, if they
be incorrigible, should remove them. He that had done this wicked deed should
have been taken away from among them.
III. We have the apostle’s direction to them how they should
now proceed with this scandalous sinner. He would have him excommunicated and
delivered to Satan (v. 3-5); as absent in body, yet present in spirit, he
had judged already as if he had been present; that is, he had, by
revelation and the miraculous gift of discerning vouchsafed him by the Spirit,
as perfect a knowledge of the case, and had hereupon come to the following
determination, not without special authority from the Holy Spirit. He says this
to let them know that, though he was at a distance, he did not pass an unrighteous
sentence, nor judge without having as full cognizance of the case as if he had
been on the spot. Note, Those who would appear righteous judges to the world
will take care to inform them that they do not pass sentence without full proof
and evidence. The apostle adds, him who hath so done this deed. The fact
was not only heinously evil in itself, and horrible to the heathens, but there
were some particular circumstances that greatly aggravated the offence. He had
so committed the evil as to heighten the guilt by the manner of doing it.
Perhaps he was a minister, a teacher, or a principal man among them. By this
means the church and their profession were more reproached. Note, In dealing
with scandalous sinners, not only are they to be charged with the fact, but the
aggravating circumstances of it. Paul had judged that he should be delivered
to Satan (v. 5), and this was to be done in the name of Christ, with
the power of Christ, and in a full assembly, where the apostle would be also
present in spirit, or by his spiritual gift of discerning at a distance. Some
think that this is to be understood of a mere ordinary excommunication, and
that delivering him to Satan for the destruction of the flesh is only meant of
disowning him, and casting him out of the church, that by this means he might
be brought to repentance, and his flesh might be mortified. Christ and Satan
divide the world: and those that live in sin, when they profess relation to
Christ, belong to another master, and by excommunication should be delivered up
to him; and this in the name of Christ. Note, Church-censures are Christ’s
ordinances, and should be dispensed in his name. It was to be done also when
they were gathered together, in full assembly. The more public the more
solemn, and the more solemn the more likely to have a good effect on the
offender. Note, Church-censures on notorious and incorrigible sinners should be
passed with great solemnity. Those who sin in this manner are to be rebuked
before all, that all may fear, 1 Tim. 5:20. Others think the apostle is not
to be understood of mere excommunication, but of a miraculous power or
authority they had of delivering a scandalous sinner into the power of Satan,
to have bodily diseases inflicted, and to be tormented by him with bodily
pains, which is the meaning of the destruction of the flesh. In this
sense the destruction of the flesh has been a happy occasion of the salvation
of the spirit. It is probable that this was a mixed case. It was an
extraordinary instance: and the church was to proceed against him by just
censure; the apostle, when they did so, put forth an act of extraordinary
power, and gave him up to Satan, nor for his destruction, but for his
deliverance, at least for the destruction of the flesh, that the soul might be
saved. Note, The great end of church-censures is the good of those who fall
under them, their spiritual and eternal good. It is that their spirit may be
saved in the day of the Lord Jesus, v. 5. Yet it is not merely a regard to
their benefit that is to be had in proceeding against them. For,
IV. He hints the danger of contagion from this example: Your
glorying is not good. Know you not that a little leaven leaveneth the whole
lump? The bad example of a man in rank and reputation is very mischievous,
spreads the contagion far and wide. It did so, probably, in this very church
and case: see 2 Co. 12:21. They could not be ignorant of this. The experience
of the whole world was for it; one scabbed sheep infects a whole flock.
A little heaven will quickly spread the ferment through a great lump. Note,
Concern for their purity and preservation should engage Christian churches to
remove gross and scandalous sinners.
Verses 7-8
Here the apostle exhorts them to purity, by purging out the
old leaven. In this observe,
I. The advice itself, addressed either, 1. To the church in
general; and so purging out the old leaven, that they might be a new lump,
refers to the putting away from themselves that wicked person, v. 13.
Note, Christian churches should be pure and holy, and not bear such corrupt and
scandalous members. They are to be unleavened, and should endure no such
heterogeneous mixture to sour and corrupt them. Or, 2. To each particular
member of the church. And so it implies that they should purge themselves from all
impurity of heart and life, especially from this kind of wickedness, to which
the Corinthians were addicted to a proverb. See the argument at the
beginning. This old leaven was in a particular manner to be purged out, that
they might become a new lump. Note, Christians should be careful to keep
themselves clean, as well as purge polluted members out of their society. And
they should especially avoid the sins to which they themselves were once most
addicted, and the reigning vices of the places and the people where they live.
They were also to purge themselves from malice and wickedness—all ill-will and
mischievous subtlety. This is leaven that sours the mind to a great degree. It
is not improbable that this was intended as a check to some who gloried in the
scandalous behaviour of the offender, both out of pride and pique. Note,
Christians should be careful to keep free from malice and mischief. Love is the
very essence and life of the Christian religion. It is the fairest image of
God, for God is love (1 Jn. 4:16), and therefore it is no wonder if it
be the greatest beauty and ornament of a Christian. But malice is murder in its
principles: He that hates his brother is a murderer (1 Jn. 3:15), he bears the
image and proclaims him the offspring of him who was a murderer from the
beginning, Jn. 8:44. How hateful should every thing be to a Christian that
looks like malice and mischief.
II. The reason with which this advice is enforced: For
Christ our passover is sacrificed for us, v. 7. This is the great doctrine
of the gospel. The Jews, after they had killed the passover, kept the feast of
unleavened bread. So must we; not for seven days only, but all our days. We
should die with our Saviour to sin, be planted into the likeness of his death
by mortifying sin, and into the likeness of his resurrection by rising again to
newness of life, and that internal and external. We must have new hearts and
new lives. Note, The whole life of a Christian must be a feast of unleavened
bread. His common conversation and his religious performances must be holy. He
must purge out the old leaven, and keep the feast of unleavened bread of
sincerity and truth. He must be without guilt in his conduct towards God
and man. And the more there is of sincerity in our own profession, the less
shall we censure that of others. Note, On the whole, The sacrifice of our
Redeemer is the strongest argument with a gracious heart for purity and
sincerity. How sincere a regard did he show to our welfare, in dying for us!
and how terrible a proof was his death of the detestable nature of sin, and
God’s displeasure against it! Heinous evil, that could not be expiated but with
the blood of the Son of God! And shall a Christian love the murderer of his
Lord? God forbid.
Verses 9-13
Here the apostle advises them to shun the company and
converse of scandalous professors. Consider,
I. The advice itself: I wrote to you in a letter not to
company with fornicators, v. 9. Some think this was an epistle written to
them before, which is lost. Yet we have lost nothing by it, the Christian
revelation being entire in those books of scripture which have come down to us,
which are all that were intended by God for the general use of Christians, or
he could and would in his providence have preserved more of the writings of
inspired men. Some think it is to be understood of this very epistle, that he
had written this advice before he had full information of their whole case, but
thought it needful now to be more particular. And therefore on this occasion he
tells them that if any man called a brother, any one professing Christianity,
and being a member of a Christian church, were a fornicator, or covetous, or
an idolater, or a railer, that they should not keep company with him,
nor so much as eat with such a one. They were to avoid all familiarity with
him; they were to have no commerce with him; they were to have no commerce with
him: but, that they might shame him, and bring him to repentance, must disclaim
and shun him. Note, Christians are to avoid the familiar conversation of
fellow-christians that are notoriously wicked, and under just censure for their
flagitious practices. Such disgrace the Christian name. They may call
themselves brethren in Christ, but they are not Christian brethren. They
are only fit companions for the brethren in iniquity; and to such company they
should be left, till they mend their ways and doings.
II. How he limits this advice. He does not forbid the
Christians the like commerce with scandalously wicked heathens. He does not
forbid their eating nor conversing with the fornicators of this world,
etc. They know no better. They profess no better. The gods they serve, and the
worship they render to many of them, countenance such wickedness. "You
must needs go out of the world if you will have no conversation with such
men. Your Gentile neighbours are generally vicious and profane; and it is
impossible, as long as you are in the world, and have any worldly business to
do, but you must fall into their company. This cannot be wholly avoided.’’
Note, Christians may and ought to testify more respect to loose worldlings than
to loose Christians. This seems a paradox. Why should we shun the company of a
profane or loose Christian, rather than that of a profane or loose heathen?
III. The reason of this limitation is here assigned. It is
impossible the one should be avoided. Christians must have gone out of the
world to avoid the company of loose heathens. But this was impossible, as long
as they had business in the world. While they are minding their duty, and doing
their proper business, God can and will preserve them from contagion. Besides,
they carry an antidote against the infection of their bad example, and are
naturally upon their guard. They are apt to have a horror at their wicked
practices. But the dread of sin wears off by familiar converse with wicked
Christians. Our own safety and preservation are a reason of this difference.
But, besides, heathens were such as Christians had nothing to do to judge and
censure, and avoid upon a censure passed; for they are without (v. 12),
and must be left to God’s judgment, v. 13. But, as to members of the
church, they are within, are professedly bound by the laws and rules of
Christianity, and not only liable to the judgment of God, but to the censures
of those who are set over them, and the fellow-members of the same body, when
they transgress those rules. Every Christian is bound to judge them unfit for
communion and familiar converse. They are to be punished, by having this mark
of disgrace put upon them, that they may be shamed, and, if possible, reclaimed
thereby: and the more because the sins of such much more dishonour God than the
sins of the openly wicked and profane can do. The church therefore is obliged
to clear herself from all confederacy with them, or connivance at them, and to
bear testimony against their wicked practices. Note, Though the church has
nothing to do with those without, it must endeavour to keep clear of the guilt
and reproach of those within.
IV. How he applies the argument to the case before him: "Therefore
put away from among yourselves that wicked person, v. 13. Cast him out of
your fellowship, and avoid his conversation.’’
Excerpt from:
Matthew Henry's Commentary on the Whole Bible
Matthew Henry (1662 - 1714)
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