An Exposition, With Practical
Observations, of
THE EPISTLE OF ST. PAUL TO THE
ROMANS
If we may
compare scripture with scripture, and take the opinion of some devout and pious
persons, in the Old Testament David’s Psalms, and in the New Testament Paul’s
Epistles, are stars of the first magnitude, that differ from the other stars in
glory. The whole scripture is indeed an epistle from heaven to earth: but in it
we have upon record several particular epistles, more of Paul’s than of any
other, for he was the chief of the apostles, and laboured more abundantly than
they all. His natural parts, I doubt not, were very pregnant; his apprehension
was quick and piercing; his expressions were fluent and copious; his
affections, wherever he took, very warm and zealous, and his resolutions no
less bold and daring: this made him, before his conversion, a very keen and
bitter persecutor; but when the strong man armed was dispossessed, and the
stronger than he came to divide the spoil and to sanctify these qualifications,
he became the most skilful zealous preacher; never any better fitted to win
souls, nor more successful. Fourteen of his epistles we have in the canon of
scripture; many more, it is probable, he wrote in the course of his ministry,
which might be profitable enough for doctrine, for reproof, etc., but, not
being given by inspiration of God, they were not received as canonical
scripture, nor handed down to us. Six epistles, said to be Paul’s, written to
Seneca, and eight of Seneca’s to him, are spoken of by some of the ancients [Sixt.
Senens. Biblioth. Sanct. lib. 2] and are extant; but, upon the first view,
they appear spurious and counterfeit.
This
epistle to the Romans is placed first, not because of the priority of its date,
but because of the superlative excellency of the epistle, it being one of the
longest and fullest of all, and perhaps because of the dignity of the place to
which it is written. Chrysostom would have this epistle read over to him twice
a week. It is gathered from some passages in the epistle that it was written Anno
Christi 56, from Corinth, while Paul made a short stay there in his way to
Troas, Acts 20:5, 6. He commendeth to the Romans Phebe, a servant of the church
at Cenchrea (ch. 16), which was a place belonging to Corinth. He calls Gaius
his host, or the man with whom he lodged (ch. 16:23), and he was a
Corinthian, not the same with Gaius of Derbe, mentioned Acts 20. Paul was now
going up to Jerusalem, with the money that was given to the poor saints there;
and of that he speaks, ch. 15:26. The great mysteries treated of in this
epistle must needs produce in this, as in other writings of Paul, many things
dark and hard to be understood, 2 Peter 3:16. The method of this (as of several
other of the epistles) is observable; the former part of it doctrinal, in the
first eleven chapters; the latter part practical, in the last five: to inform
the judgment and to reform the life. And the best way to understand the truths
explained in the former part is to abide and abound in the practice of the
duties prescribed in the latter part; for, if any man will do his will, he
shall know of the doctrine, Jn. 7:17.
I. The doctrinal part of the epistles instructs us,
1.
Concerning the way of salvation
(1.) The foundation of it laid in
justification, and that not by the Gentiles’ works of nature (ch. 1), nor by
the Jews’ works of the law (ch. 2, 3), for both Jews and Gentiles were liable
to the curse; but only by faith in Jesus Christ, ch. 3:21, etc.; ch. 4.
(2.) The steps of this salvation
are,
[1.] Peace with God, ch. 5.
[2.] Sanctification, ch. 6, 7.
[3.] Glorification, ch. 8.
2.
Concerning the persons saved, such as belong to the election of grace (ch. 9),
Gentiles and Jews, ch. 10, 11. By this is appears that the subject he
discourses of were such as were then the present truths, as the apostle speaks,
2 Peter 1:12. Two things the Jews then stumbled at-justification by faith
without the works of the law, and the admission of the Gentiles into the
church; and therefore both these he studied to clear and vindicate.
II. The
practical part follows, wherein we find,
1. Several general exhortations
proper for all Christians, ch. 12.
2. Directions for our behaviour, as
members of civil society, ch. 13.
3. Rules for the conduct of
Christians to one another, as members of the Christian church, ch. 14 and ch.
15:1–14.
III. As he
draws towards a conclusion, he makes an apology for writing to them (ch.
15:14–16), gives them an account of himself and his own affairs (v. 17–21),
promises them a visit (v. 22–29), begs their prayers (v. 30–32), sends
particular salutations to many friends there (ch. 16:1–16), warns them against
those who caused divisions (v. 17–20), adds the salutations of his friends with
him (v. 21–23), and ends with a benediction to them and a doxology to God (v.
24–27).
Excerpt from:
Matthew Henry's Commentary on the Whole Bible
Matthew Henry (1662 - 1714)
Rick Meyers.
Matthew Henry’s Commentary on the Whole Bible. e-Sword ®: www.e-sword.net
